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Dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Thiel, Simona ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The main aim was to investigate the adherence to recommended dietary measures aimed at reducing the frequency of unpleasant symptoms accompanying this disease. In some cases, dietary measures may help to completely eliminate the symptoms. The hypothesis is that patients with reflux disease do not adhere to these measures. A secondary aim was to test the effectiveness of dietary measures in patients who faithfully follow them. By means of a questionnaire survey, a total of 33 patients were asked primarily about their adherence to dietary and regimen measures, as well as about the nature of their complaints and the level of their quality of life. The results show that almost 70% of patients do not currently follow any dietary measures. On the contrary, patients following a diet showed an improvement in symptoms (reduction in the number of reflux episodes), and some individuals even had no symptoms. Finally, some recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of this issue are described. Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Dietary Measures, Nutrition, Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Nutritional value for foods in care facilities
KOHOUTOVÁ, Monika
The objective of the thesis was to assess whether catering provided by the given facility has sufficient nutritional value and variety for the respondents, and to determine if catering is accommodated to the health conditions of respondents from the viewpoint of meal consistency and dietary measures. The research applied was a mixed one. Data was acquired using semi-structured interviews, measuring bodily temperature, mass, and height, seven-day records of catering and menus provided by the facility. The research was joined by seven seniors residing in apartments with caretaking services and receiving lunches from a specific facility (a home for seniors). Results of the research point to the fact that when the respondents eat the entire lunch (with regard to what percentage their lunch makes out of their total energy intake) most of the lunches contain excessive energy, protein, and fat values. Significant differences were fond in the content of carbohydrates. It is impossible to affirm that lunches with a certain quantity of carbohydrates prevail in the majority of respondents' lunches. As lunches should form 35% of the total energy intake, they mostly contained an excessive share of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. If the respondents halve the lunches into to portions, the majority of lunches contain an insufficient quantity of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. As regards the degree of variety, lunches usually include broths. Pork meat prevailed in main courses. Sides were often changed. Fried meals were served often. Sweet meals were served more than vegetarian lunches. The variety lacked namely in fish, pulses, fruit, and vegetables. Results achieved imply that respondents prefer meals in the original consistency and do not need any adjustment. It was further found that all of the respondents consume common meals despite dietary measures being indicated for three of the respondents. The results of the thesis may be utilized as an informative source for both lay and professional public.
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The issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus.
HOLUBOVÁ, Tereza
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part described the disease diabetes mellitus. It is a lifetime disease that manifests itself by increased blood sugar levels. In case, diabetes is not trated, there is creation and development od other health issues. It focuses on the tratments goals which includes diabetic nutrition, diet and physical activity. The final text dealt with diabetic education which delas with the transfer of information and pracical skills. The practical part is based on a qualitative research survey, which is processed by the technique of semi-structured interview. The interviews are carried out with respondents who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The aim of the practical part was to find out what is the problem of nutrition in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results showed that although most diabetics try to follow nutritional recommendations provided by nurse and doctor, there are number of diabetics who do not follow the recommendations. It turned out that the main reasons include inappropriate eating, in which sweet and fatty products are included in the diet, as well as insufficient planning which leads to irregular food consumption and unnecessary overeating. Other reasons based on research are the financial demands of healthy and good-quality ingredients and unfamiliarity of the balanced content of all ingredients in the diet. Interviews with respondents revealed that the most common way for nurses to inform about proper nutrition is with the help on educational brochures and leaflets. Pacients were dissatisfied with the way the informations were handed down due to a lack of individualisation and the short time devoted to them. The results of the bachelor's thesis could contribute to facilitate the orientation of the nutritional recommendations of a patient with diabetes mellitus and at the same time point out the main obstacles to adherence to diabetic nutrition.
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Nutrition during cholelithiasis
KAMBOVÁ, Karolína
Cholelithiasis, also called gallstones, is a disease with increasing prevalence for which diet loses significance. However it has an important role for preventive measures in meaning of health complications. The goal of my bachelor thesis with the theme "Nutrition during cholelithiasis" is mapping eating habits of patients before and especially after cholecystectomy. I also focus on changes after diagnosis and its effects on patients'current eating habits compared to their previous eating habits. In the thesis is detected which nutriments have negative influence on the patient the most and which complications are connected to it. For my thesis was utilized quality research form in which I focused on smaller number of respondents. During the research were used two methods of data collection. The first one contained received table created by me into which patients recorded daily food intakes. The second method was in the form of a questionnaire combined with an interview which undergone all 8 addressed respondents. During the thesis was found out how patients' eating habits differ in real life compared to the recommended diet created for specific disease. I tried to emphasise the need of individual approach to each patient with cholelithiasis or with oncoming cholecystectomy. I found out that most of those patients are adjusting their eating habits but not all of them limit the same kind of food. As I mentioned earlier the individuality of respondents plays its part. However we can say that the majority is trying to limit income of fats, fat meals, spicy food and spices.
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Evaluation of animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus
Šťovíčková, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Content of thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The main objective of theoretical part is to provide a general description of lipids in terms of distribution, structure, characteristics and their role in human organism. In the following chapters metabolism and transport of lipids is described with more attention to details. The last part of theoretical part deals with animal fats in nutrition, mostly risk factors as a consequence of their increased consumption, and dietary measures as a prevention and therapy of CVD and DM. The practical part of bachelor's thesis is based on assessment survey. The object of this survey was the evaluation of eating habits, mainly the measure of animal fats consumption of patients with CVD and DM. Next object of interest was the evaluation of awareness, knowledge and education these patients have about dietary measures in relation to their disease. Question about the way how are these measures followed by patients was also examined. The survey was conducted in the diabetological center and also in the centre of preventive cardiology of General Teaching Hospital in Prague on patients with CVD and DM. Key words: lipids,...
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